diff --git a/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/AppCheckCoreToken.swift b/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/AppCheckCoreToken.swift
index 1446e8f..2284980 100644
--- a/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/AppCheckCoreToken.swift
+++ b/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/AppCheckCoreToken.swift
@@ -20,6 +20,11 @@ public class AppCheckCoreToken: NSObject, @unchecked Sendable {
   @objc public let expirationDate: Date
   @objc public let receivedAtDate: Date
 
+  /// Creates an App Check token.
+  /// - Parameters:
+  ///   - token: A Firebase App Check token string.
+  ///   - expirationDate: The token's expiration date in the device's local clock time.
+  ///   - receivedAtDate: The date the token was received in the device's local clock time.
   @objc(initWithToken:expirationDate:receivedAtDate:)
   public init(token: String, expirationDate: Date, receivedAt receivedAtDate: Date) {
     self.token = token
@@ -28,6 +33,10 @@ public class AppCheckCoreToken: NSObject, @unchecked Sendable {
     super.init()
   }
 
+  /// Creates an App Check token.
+  /// - Parameters:
+  ///   - token: A Firebase App Check token string.
+  ///   - expirationDate: The token's expiration date in the device's local clock time.
   @objc(initWithToken:expirationDate:)
   public convenience init(token: String, expirationDate: Date) {
     self.init(token: token, expirationDate: expirationDate, receivedAt: Date())
diff --git a/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/Backoff/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapper.swift b/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/Backoff/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapper.swift
index e92f62f..5ceb82f 100644
--- a/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/Backoff/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapper.swift
+++ b/AppCheckCore/Sources/Core/Backoff/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapper.swift
@@ -141,6 +141,11 @@ public class AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapper: NSObject, AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapperPro
   private func hasTimeIntervalPassedSinceLastFailure(_ timeInterval: TimeInterval) -> Bool {
     guard let failureDate = lastFailure?.finishDate else { return true }
     let timeSinceFailure = dateProvider().timeIntervalSince(failureDate)
+    // A negative interval means the device clock moved backward since the failure was recorded,
+    // so `failureDate` can no longer bound the backoff window reliably.
+    if timeSinceFailure < 0 {
+      return true
+    }
     return timeSinceFailure >= timeInterval
   }
 
diff --git a/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapperTests.swift b/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapperTests.swift
index d039b50..53b419c 100644
--- a/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapperTests.swift
+++ b/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapperTests.swift
@@ -212,6 +212,76 @@ class AppCheckCoreBackoffWrapperTests: XCTestCase {
     }
   }
 
+  func testBackoffWhenClockMovesBackwardAllowsRetryAndReanchorsBackoff() async throws {
+    // Simulate a failure recorded while the device clock was 48h ahead.
+    let skew: TimeInterval = 48 * 60 * 60
+    let realNow = Date()
+    currentDate = realNow.addingTimeInterval(skew)
+
+    setUpOperationError()
+    setUpErrorHandler(with: .exponential)
+
+    do {
+      _ = try await backoffWrapper.applyBackoffToOperation(
+        operationProvider,
+        errorHandler: errorHandler
+      )
+      XCTFail("Expected error")
+    } catch {
+      XCTAssertEqual(error as NSError, operationResult as? NSError)
+    }
+    await fulfillment(of: [operationFinishExpectation, errorHandlerExpectation], timeout: 5.0)
+
+    // Clock is corrected back to real time (`timeSinceFailure` is now negative).
+    // The wrapper should allow an immediate retry rather than locking out for 48h; if that retry
+    // also fails, `finishDate` re-anchors to the corrected clock and normal backoff resumes.
+    currentDate = realNow
+    setUpOperationError()
+    setUpErrorHandler(with: .exponential)
+
+    do {
+      _ = try await backoffWrapper.applyBackoffToOperation(
+        operationProvider,
+        errorHandler: errorHandler
+      )
+      XCTFail("Expected error")
+    } catch {
+      XCTAssertEqual(error as NSError, operationResult as? NSError)
+    }
+    await fulfillment(of: [operationFinishExpectation, errorHandlerExpectation], timeout: 5.0)
+
+    // Subsequent call 0.5s later is now properly throttled against the re-anchored failure date.
+    currentDate = realNow.addingTimeInterval(0.5)
+    setUpOperationSuccess()
+    setUpErrorHandler(with: .none)
+    operationFinishExpectation.isInverted = true
+    errorHandlerExpectation.isInverted = true
+
+    do {
+      _ = try await backoffWrapper.applyBackoffToOperation(
+        operationProvider,
+        errorHandler: errorHandler
+      )
+      XCTFail("Expected backoff error")
+    } catch {
+      XCTAssertTrue(isBackoffError(error as NSError))
+    }
+    await fulfillment(of: [operationFinishExpectation, errorHandlerExpectation], timeout: 0.1)
+
+    // Once the re-anchored backoff window for attempt 2 ([2.0s, 3.0s)) elapses, retry succeeds.
+    currentDate = realNow.addingTimeInterval(3.5)
+    setUpOperationSuccess()
+    setUpErrorHandler(with: .none)
+    errorHandlerExpectation.isInverted = true
+
+    let result = try await backoffWrapper.applyBackoffToOperation(
+      operationProvider,
+      errorHandler: errorHandler
+    )
+    await fulfillment(of: [operationFinishExpectation, errorHandlerExpectation], timeout: 0.1)
+    XCTAssertEqual(result as? NSObject, operationResult as? NSObject)
+  }
+
   // MARK: - Helpers
 
   private func setUpErrorHandler(with backoffType: AppCheckCoreBackoffType) {
diff --git a/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreTests.swift b/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreTests.swift
index ccabf46..55494f9 100644
--- a/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreTests.swift
+++ b/AppCheckCore/Tests/Unit/Core/AppCheckCoreTests.swift
@@ -132,6 +132,9 @@ class AppCheckCoreTests: XCTestCase {
     }
 
     XCTAssertEqual(fakeAppCheckProvider.getTokenCallCount, 1)
+    XCTAssertEqual(fakeStorage.lastSetToken, expectedToken)
+    XCTAssertEqual(fakeTokenRefresher.updateWithRefreshResultCallCount, 1)
+    XCTAssertEqual(fakeTokenDelegate.lastToken, expectedToken)
   }
 
   func testGetToken_AppCheckProviderError() async {
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 649603f..d88d0cc 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -12,14 +12,16 @@
   local storage. More sources may be added later; Swift `switch` statements
   over `AppCheckCoreDebugTokenSource` should include `@unknown default`.
   (#134)
-- [fixed] Fixed an issue where a cached token fetched while the device clock was ahead kept
-  being served after the clock was corrected, because its stored dates inherited the offset.
-  Cached tokens received in the future are now refreshed.
-  (https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk/issues/16939)
+- [fixed] Fixed an issue where a cached token fetched while the device clock was
+  ahead kept being served after the clock was corrected, because its stored
+  dates inherited the offset. Cached tokens received in the future are now
+  refreshed. (https://github.com/firebase/firebase-ios-sdk/issues/16939)
 - [fixed] Fixed an issue where a debug token exchange using the
   `AppCheckDebugToken` or `FIRAAppCheckDebugToken` environment variable
   updated the locally generated debug token's registered state, which could
   suppress or repeat its registration instructions. (#135)
+- [fixed] Fixed an issue where provider request backoff could block retries if
+  the device clock moved backward after a failed request. (#137)
 
 # 12.0.0
 - [changed] Ported AppCheckCore from Objective-C to Swift.