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firebase-ios-sdk/FirebaseAI/Sources/GenerativeModelSession.swift
T

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Swift

// Copyright 2026 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
// TODO: Remove the `#if compiler(>=6.2.3)` when Xcode 26.2 is the minimum supported version.
#if compiler(>=6.2.3)
private import FirebaseCoreInternal
import Foundation
#if canImport(FoundationModels)
import FoundationModels
#endif // canImport(FoundationModels)
/// A session that handles multi-turn interactions with a generative model, similar to ``Chat``.
///
/// A `GenerativeModelSession` retains history between requests. For single-turn requests to a
/// model, use `generativeModelSession(model:tools:instructions:)` to start a new session.
/// `GenerativeModelSession` is particularly useful for generating structured data.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
///
/// Example usage:
/// ```swift
/// @Generable
/// struct UserProfile {
/// @Guide(description: "A unique username for the user.")
/// var username: String
///
/// @Guide(description: "A short bio about the user, no more than 100 characters.")
/// var bio: String
///
/// @Guide(description: "A list of the user's favorite topics.", .count(3))
/// var favoriteTopics: [String]
/// }
///
/// let firebaseAI = // ... a `FirebaseAI` instance
/// let session = firebaseAI.generativeModelSession(model: "gemini-model-name")
/// let prompt = "Generate a user profile for a cat lover who enjoys hiking."
/// let response = try await session.respond(to: prompt, generating: UserProfile.self)
///
/// print("Username: \(response.content.username)")
/// print("Bio: \(response.content.bio)")
/// print("Favorite Topics: \(response.content.favoriteTopics.joined(separator: ", "))")
/// ```
public final class GenerativeModelSession: Sendable {
let sessionManager: SessionManager
let instructions: String?
// The maximum number of automatic back-and-forth turns the session will perform to resolve
// function calls.
//
// This prevents infinite looping if the model consistently requests one or more function calls.
//
// TODO: Add ability to configure this setting.
static let maxAutoFunctionCallTurns = 10
/// Creates a new `GenerativeModelSession` with the given model.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
///
/// - Parameters:
/// - model: The `GenerativeModel` to use for generating content.
/// - tools: A list of tools that extend the capabilities of the model. These are typically
/// native Gemini ``FirebaseAILogic/Tool``s, such as ``ToolRepresentable/googleSearch(_:)``,
/// or instances conforming to ``ToolRepresentable`` for automatic function calling.
/// - instructions: System instructions that direct the model's behavior.
init(model: any LanguageModel, tools: [any ToolRepresentable]? = nil,
instructions: String? = nil) {
sessionManager = SessionManager(model: model, tools: tools)
self.instructions = instructions
}
/// Sends a new prompt to the model and returns a `Response` containing the generated content as
/// a `String`.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
/// - Parameter prompt: The content to send to the model.
/// - Parameter options: An optional `GenerationConfig` to override the model's default
/// generation configuration.
/// - Returns: A `Response` containing the generated content as a `String`.
/// - Throws: A `GenerationError` if the model fails to generate a response.
@discardableResult
public nonisolated(nonsending)
func respond(to prompt: PartsRepresentable...,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable
= ResponseGenerationOptions.default) async throws
-> GenerativeModelSession.Response<String> {
return try await respond(
to: prompt,
schema: nil as FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema?,
generating: String.self,
includeSchemaInPrompt: false,
options: options
)
}
#if canImport(FoundationModels)
/// Sends a new prompt to the model and returns a `Response` containing the generated content
/// as
/// `GeneratedContent`.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
/// - Parameter prompt: The content to send to the model.
/// - Parameter schema: The `GenerationSchema` to use for generating the content.
/// - Parameter includeSchemaInPrompt: Whether to include the schema in the prompt to the
/// model.
/// - Parameter options: An optional `GenerationConfig` to override the model's default
/// generation configuration.
/// - Returns: A `Response` containing the generated content as `GeneratedContent`.
/// - Throws: A `GenerationError` if the model fails to generate a response.
@available(iOS 26.0, macOS 26.0, visionOS 26.0, *)
@available(tvOS, unavailable)
@available(watchOS, unavailable)
@discardableResult
nonisolated(nonsending)
func respond(to prompt: PartsRepresentable...,
schema: FoundationModels.GenerationSchema,
includeSchemaInPrompt: Bool = true,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable =
ResponseGenerationOptions.default) async throws
-> GenerativeModelSession.Response<FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent> {
// TODO: Replace `FoundationModels.GenerationSchema` and make this method public when
// `FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema`'s public API is ready.
return try await respond(
to: prompt,
schema: FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema(schema),
generating: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent.self,
includeSchemaInPrompt: includeSchemaInPrompt,
options: options
)
}
/// Sends a new prompt to the model and returns a `Response` containing the generated content
/// as
/// a `Generable` type.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
/// - Parameter prompt: The content to send to the model.
/// - Parameter type: The `Generable` type to decode the response into.
/// - Parameter includeSchemaInPrompt: Whether to include the schema in the prompt to the
/// model.
/// - Parameter options: An optional `GenerationConfig` to override the model's default
/// generation configuration.
/// - Returns: A `Response` containing the generated content as the specified `Generable`
/// type.
/// - Throws: A `GenerationError` if the model fails to generate a response.
@available(iOS 26.0, macOS 26.0, visionOS 26.0, *)
@available(tvOS, unavailable)
@available(watchOS, unavailable)
@discardableResult
public nonisolated(nonsending)
func respond<Content>(to prompt: PartsRepresentable...,
generating type: Content.Type = Content.self,
includeSchemaInPrompt: Bool = true,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable
= ResponseGenerationOptions.default) async throws
-> GenerativeModelSession.Response<Content> where Content: Generable {
return try await respond(
to: prompt,
schema: FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema(Content.generationSchema),
generating: type,
includeSchemaInPrompt: includeSchemaInPrompt,
options: options
)
}
/// Streams the model's response as `GeneratedContent`.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
/// - Parameter prompt: The content to send to the model.
/// - Parameter schema: The `GenerationSchema` to use for generating the content.
/// - Parameter includeSchemaInPrompt: Whether to include the schema in the prompt to the
/// model.
/// - Parameter options: An optional `GenerationConfig` to override the model's default
/// generation configuration.
/// - Returns: A `ResponseStream` that yields snapshots of the generated content.
@available(iOS 26.0, macOS 26.0, visionOS 26.0, *)
@available(tvOS, unavailable)
@available(watchOS, unavailable)
func streamResponse(to prompt: PartsRepresentable...,
schema: FoundationModels.GenerationSchema,
includeSchemaInPrompt: Bool = true,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable
= ResponseGenerationOptions.default)
-> sending GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream<
FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent, FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent
> {
// TODO: Replace `FoundationModels.GenerationSchema` and make this method public when
// `FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema`'s public API is ready.
return streamResponse(
to: prompt,
schema: FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema(schema),
generating: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent.self,
includeSchemaInPrompt: includeSchemaInPrompt,
options: options
)
}
/// Streams the model's response as a `Generable` type.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
/// - Parameter prompt: The content to send to the model.
/// - Parameter type: The `Generable` type to decode the response into.
/// - Parameter includeSchemaInPrompt: Whether to include the schema in the prompt to the
/// model.
/// - Parameter options: An optional `GenerationConfig` to override the model's default
/// generation configuration.
/// - Returns: A `ResponseStream` that yields snapshots of the generated content.
@available(iOS 26.0, macOS 26.0, visionOS 26.0, *)
@available(tvOS, unavailable)
@available(watchOS, unavailable)
public func streamResponse<Content>(to prompt: PartsRepresentable...,
generating type: Content.Type = Content.self,
includeSchemaInPrompt: Bool = true,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable =
ResponseGenerationOptions.default)
-> sending GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream<
Content, Content.PartiallyGenerated
> where Content: Generable {
return streamResponse(
to: prompt,
schema: FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema(type.generationSchema),
generating: type,
includeSchemaInPrompt: includeSchemaInPrompt,
options: options
)
}
#endif // canImport(FoundationModels)
/// Streams the model's response as a `String`.
///
/// **Public Preview**: This API is a public preview and may be subject to change.
/// - Parameter prompt: The content to send to the model.
/// - Parameter options: An optional `GenerationConfig` to override the model's default
/// generation configuration.
/// - Returns: A `ResponseStream` that yields snapshots of the generated content.
@available(macOS 12.0, watchOS 8.0, *)
public func streamResponse(to prompt: PartsRepresentable...,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable
= ResponseGenerationOptions.default)
-> sending GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream<String, String> {
return streamResponse(
to: prompt,
schema: nil,
generating: String.self,
includeSchemaInPrompt: false,
options: options
)
}
// MARK: - Internal
private nonisolated(nonsending)
func respond<Content>(to prompt: [PartsRepresentable], schema: FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema?,
generating type: Content.Type, includeSchemaInPrompt: Bool,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable) async throws
-> GenerativeModelSession.Response<Content> {
try sessionManager.startResponding()
defer {
self.sessionManager.finishResponding()
}
let session = try sessionManager.getOrStartSession(
instructions: instructions
)
let response = try await session._respond(
to: prompt.partsValue,
schema: schema,
includeSchemaInPrompt: includeSchemaInPrompt,
options: options
)
return try GenerativeModelSession.Response(
content: Self.resolveContent(from: response.rawContent),
rawContent: response.rawContent,
rawResponse: response.rawResponse
)
}
@available(macOS 12.0, watchOS 8.0, *)
private func streamResponse<Content, PartialContent>(to prompt: any PartsRepresentable,
schema: FirebaseAI.GenerationSchema?,
generating type: Content.Type,
includeSchemaInPrompt: Bool,
options: any GenerationOptionsRepresentable)
-> sending GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream<Content, PartialContent> {
let parts = prompt.partsValue
return GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream<Content, PartialContent> { context in
do {
try self.sessionManager.startResponding()
} catch {
await context.finish(throwing: error)
return
}
defer {
self.sessionManager.finishResponding()
}
do {
let session = try self.sessionManager.getOrStartSession(
instructions: self.instructions
)
let stream = session._streamResponse(
to: parts,
schema: schema,
includeSchemaInPrompt: includeSchemaInPrompt,
options: options
)
for try await response in stream {
let rawResult = GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream<Content, PartialContent>
.RawResult(
rawContent: response.rawContent,
rawResponse: response.rawResponse
)
await context.yield(rawResult)
}
await context.finish()
return
} catch {
await context.finish(throwing: error)
}
}
}
static func makeRawContent(from text: String, generationID: FirebaseAI.GenerationID?,
hasSchema: Bool, isComplete: Bool) throws
-> FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent {
if hasSchema {
if text.isEmpty && !isComplete {
return FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent(
// TODO: Set `kind:` to `.array(...)`, `.bool()`, `.number()` based on schema type.
kind: .structure(properties: [:], orderedKeys: []),
id: generationID,
isComplete: isComplete
)
}
return try FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent(json: text, id: generationID, isComplete: isComplete)
}
#if canImport(FoundationModels) && IS_FOUNDATION_MODELS_SUPPORTED_PLATFORM
if #available(iOS 26.0, macOS 26.0, visionOS 26.0, *) {
return FirebaseAI
.GeneratedContent(
kind: FoundationModels.GeneratedContent.Kind.string(text),
id: generationID,
isComplete: isComplete
)
}
#endif // canImport(FoundationModels) && IS_FOUNDATION_MODELS_SUPPORTED_PLATFORM
return FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent(
kind: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent.Kind.string(text),
id: generationID,
isComplete: isComplete
)
}
private static func resolveContent<T>(from rawContent: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent) throws
-> T {
if let content = rawContent as? T {
return content
}
#if canImport(FoundationModels) && IS_FOUNDATION_MODELS_SUPPORTED_PLATFORM
if #available(iOS 26.0, macOS 26.0, visionOS 26.0, *), let contentMetatype = T
.self as? (any FoundationModels.ConvertibleFromGeneratedContent.Type),
let content = try contentMetatype.init(rawContent) as? T {
return content
}
#endif // canImport(FoundationModels) && IS_FOUNDATION_MODELS_SUPPORTED_PLATFORM
if let contentMetatype = T.self as? (any FirebaseAI.ConvertibleFromGeneratedContent.Type),
let content = try contentMetatype.init(rawContent) as? T {
return content
}
assertionFailure("Unsupported type: \(T.self).")
// In release builds we throw an error instead of crashing but this state should be
// unreachable based on the public API.
throw GenerativeModelSession.TypeConversionError(
from: type(of: rawContent), to: T.self
)
}
}
extension GenerativeModelSession {
final class SessionManager: @unchecked Sendable {
// TODO: Track when sessions have permanent failures.
// TODO: Track and propagate history status (`Transcript`) for `modelSessions`.
private let model: any LanguageModel
private let tools: [any ToolRepresentable]?
private let _isResponding = UnfairLock(false)
private(set) var _activeSession: (any _ModelSession)?
init(model: any LanguageModel, tools: [any ToolRepresentable]?) {
self.model = model
self.tools = tools
}
var isResponding: Bool {
_isResponding.value()
}
func startResponding() throws {
try _isResponding.withLock { isResponding in
guard !isResponding else {
throw GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.concurrentRequests(
GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context(debugDescription: """
Attempted to start a new generation request while one was already in progress. \
Create an additional session to perform concurrent requests.
""")
)
}
isResponding = true
}
}
func finishResponding() {
_isResponding.withLock { isResponding in
assert(isResponding, "`finishResponding` called but `isResponding` is false.")
isResponding = false
}
}
func getOrStartSession(instructions: String?) throws -> any _ModelSession {
try _isResponding.withLock { isResponding in
if let currentSession = _activeSession {
return currentSession
} else {
let newSession = try model._startSession(tools: tools, instructions: instructions)
_activeSession = newSession
return newSession
}
}
}
}
}
// MARK: - Response Types
public extension GenerativeModelSession {
/// The response from a `respond` call.
struct Response<Content> {
/// The generated content, decoded into the requested `Generable` type.
public let content: Content
/// The raw, undecoded `GeneratedContent` from the model.
public let rawContent: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent
/// The raw `GenerateContentResponse` from the model.
public let rawResponse: GenerateContentResponse
}
}
public extension GenerativeModelSession {
/// An asynchronous sequence of snapshots of the model's response.
struct ResponseStream<Content, PartialContent>: AsyncSequence {
public typealias Element = Snapshot
/// A snapshot of the model's response at a point in time.
public struct Snapshot {
/// The partially generated content, decoded into the requested `Generable`'s partial type.
public let content: PartialContent
/// The raw, undecoded `GeneratedContent` from the model.
public let rawContent: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent
/// The raw `GenerateContentResponse` from the model.
public let rawResponse: GenerateContentResponse
}
private let rawStream: AsyncThrowingStream<RawResult, Error>
private let context: StreamContext
init(_ builder: @escaping @Sendable (StreamContext) async -> Void) {
var extractedContinuation: AsyncThrowingStream<RawResult, Error>.Continuation!
let stream = AsyncThrowingStream(RawResult.self) { continuation in
extractedContinuation = continuation
}
rawStream = stream
let context = StreamContext(continuation: extractedContinuation)
self.context = context
let task = Task {
await builder(context)
}
extractedContinuation.onTermination = { _ in
task.cancel()
}
}
/// An iterator that provides snapshots of the model's response.
public struct AsyncIterator: AsyncIteratorProtocol {
private var rawIterator: AsyncThrowingStream<RawResult, Error>.Iterator
init(rawIterator: AsyncThrowingStream<RawResult, Error>.Iterator) {
self.rawIterator = rawIterator
}
@available(iOS 18.0, macOS 15.0, macCatalyst 18.0, tvOS 18.0, watchOS 11.0, visionOS 2.0, *)
public mutating func next(isolation actor: isolated (any Actor)?) async throws
-> Snapshot? {
var lastDecodingError: Error? = nil
while let rawResult = try await rawIterator.next(isolation: actor) {
do {
// If it parses successfully, return the snapshot and discard any errors from previous
// loop iterations.
return try process(rawResult)
} catch {
// Intermediate failure (e.g., incomplete JSON that could not be parsed).
// Hold onto the error and let the loop fetch the next chunk.
lastDecodingError = error
}
}
// If the last chunk processed resulted in an error, throw it.
if let lastDecodingError {
throw lastDecodingError
}
return nil
}
public mutating func next() async throws -> Snapshot? {
var lastDecodingError: Error? = nil
while let rawResult = try await rawIterator.next() {
do {
// If it parses successfully, return the snapshot and discard any errors from previous
// loop iterations.
return try process(rawResult)
} catch {
// Intermediate failure (e.g., incomplete JSON that could not be parsed).
// Hold onto the error and let the loop fetch the next chunk.
lastDecodingError = error
}
}
// If the last chunk processed resulted in an error, throw it.
if let lastDecodingError {
throw lastDecodingError
}
return nil
}
private func process(_ rawResult: RawResult) throws -> Snapshot {
let partialContent: PartialContent = try GenerativeModelSession
.resolveContent(from: rawResult.rawContent)
return Snapshot(
content: partialContent,
rawContent: rawResult.rawContent,
rawResponse: rawResult.rawResponse
)
}
}
public func makeAsyncIterator() -> AsyncIterator {
return AsyncIterator(rawIterator: rawStream.makeAsyncIterator())
}
/// Collects the entire streamed response into a single `Response`.
/// - Returns: The final `Response` containing the fully generated content.
/// - Throws: A `GenerationError` if the model fails to generate a response.
public nonisolated(nonsending)
func collect() async throws -> sending GenerativeModelSession.Response<Content> {
let finalResult = try await context.value
let content: Content = try GenerativeModelSession
.resolveContent(from: finalResult.rawContent)
return GenerativeModelSession.Response(
content: content,
rawContent: finalResult.rawContent,
rawResponse: finalResult.rawResponse
)
}
}
}
extension GenerativeModelSession.ResponseStream {
struct RawResult: Sendable {
let rawContent: FirebaseAI.GeneratedContent
let rawResponse: GenerateContentResponse
}
actor StreamContext {
private let continuation: AsyncThrowingStream<RawResult, Error>.Continuation
private var finalResult: Result<RawResult, Error>?
private var waitingContinuations: [CheckedContinuation<RawResult, Error>] = []
private var latestRaw: RawResult?
// Returns `true` if the stream has yielded one or more values.
var hasYielded: Bool {
return latestRaw != nil
}
init(continuation: AsyncThrowingStream<RawResult, Error>.Continuation) {
self.continuation = continuation
}
func yield(_ rawResult: RawResult) {
// Prevent yielding new values if the stream has already been finalized
guard finalResult == nil else { return }
latestRaw = rawResult
continuation.yield(rawResult)
}
func finish() {
continuation.finish()
finalize(with: nil)
}
func finish(throwing error: Error) {
// TODO: Wrap `FoundationModels.GenerationError` errors into equivalent
// `GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError` values.
continuation.finish(throwing: error)
finalize(with: error)
}
var value: RawResult {
get async throws {
// 1. Return immediately if we already have the final result.
if let result = finalResult {
return try result.get()
}
// 2. Cancellation check: bail out early if the calling task was cancelled.
try Task.checkCancellation()
// 3. Suspend and wait.
return try await withTaskCancellationHandler {
try await withCheckedThrowingContinuation { continuation in
self.add(continuation)
}
} onCancel: {
// If the task calling `collect()` is cancelled, fail the stream immediately.
// This guarantees the continuation is resumed with a CancellationError.
Task {
await self.finish(throwing: CancellationError())
}
}
}
}
private func add(_ continuation: CheckedContinuation<RawResult, Error>) {
if let result = finalResult {
continuation.resume(with: result)
} else {
waitingContinuations.append(continuation)
}
}
private func finalize(with error: Error?) {
// Guards against resuming continuations multiple times, which would crash.
guard finalResult == nil else { return }
let result: Result<RawResult, Error>
if let error = error {
result = .failure(error)
} else if let last = latestRaw {
result = .success(last)
} else {
result = .failure(
GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.decodingFailure(
GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context(
debugDescription: "No content generated in stream."
)
)
)
}
finalResult = result
for continuation in waitingContinuations {
continuation.resume(with: result)
}
waitingContinuations.removeAll()
}
}
}
extension GenerativeModelSession {
enum ErrorCodes: Int {
// Generation Errors
case decodingFailure = 1000
// Internal Errors
case typeConversionFailed = 2000
}
static let errorDomain = "\(Constants.baseErrorDomain).\(GenerativeModelSession.self)"
/// An error that occurs during content generation.
@nonexhaustive
public enum GenerationError: Error, LocalizedError {
/// A context providing more information about the generation error.
public struct Context: Sendable {
/// A debug description of the error.
public let debugDescription: String
init(debugDescription: String) {
self.debugDescription = debugDescription
}
}
case assetsUnavailable(GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context)
/// The model's response could not be decoded.
case decodingFailure(GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context)
case concurrentRequests(GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context)
/// The content provided as a prompt is not supported by the model.
case unsupportedPromptContent(GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context)
case internalError(GenerativeModelSession.GenerationError.Context, underlyingError: any Error)
}
enum FunctionCallingError: Error, LocalizedError {
case invalidFunctionCall
case maxFunctionCallTurnsExceeded
}
struct TypeConversionError: CustomDebugStringConvertible, CustomNSError {
public static var errorDomain: String { GenerativeModelSession.errorDomain }
public var errorCode: Int { ErrorCodes.typeConversionFailed.rawValue }
public var errorUserInfo: [String: Any] { [NSLocalizedDescriptionKey: debugDescription] }
let debugDescription: String
init(from fromType: Any.Type, to toType: Any.Type) {
debugDescription = "Failed to convert from type '\(fromType)' to '\(toType)'."
}
}
}
#endif // compiler(>=6.2.3)